When William Shakespeare's Hamlet was first performed in 1609, it became an instant hit — and it has since become the most famous play ever written. It tells the story of Hamlet, prince of Denmark, whose uncle has murdered his father and married his mother. Hamlet is haunted by his father's ghost requiring him to exact revenge. He feignsFakes or pretends. madness to throw people off the scent, sends his girlfriend Ophelia insane, and confronts his mother about her swift marriage. But when it comes to murder — killing his uncle — he is crippled by indecision and inaction. In the end, it all comes down to the most famous question in the English language: to be or not to be?
Hamlet
When William Shakespeare's Hamlet was first performed in 1609, it became an instant hit - and it has since become the most famous play ever written. It tells the story of Hamlet, prince of Denmark, whose uncle has murdered his father and married his mother. Hamlet is haunted by his father's ghost requiring him to exact revenge. He feignsFakes or pretends. madness to throw people off the scent, sends his girlfriend Ophelia insane, and confronts his mother about her swift marriage. But when it comes to murder - killing his uncle - he is crippled by indecision and inaction. In the end, it all comes down to the most famous question in the English language: to be or not to be?
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In many ways, the weight of mortality is one of Hamlet's most prominent themes. Hamlet's philosophy is not just informed by grief due to the loss of his father, but by existentialismA form of philosophy which explores the meaning of human existence. . He contemplates suicide, but is discouraged by the fact that it is forbidden in Christianity, and that he has evidence for the existence of an afterlife. In one famous scene, Hamlet meditates on death whilst holding Yorick's skull, lamenting that everything in life is in vain, and all that is beautiful and vital must succumbFail to resist a negative force, or die from an illness or injury. to its own mortality.
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Although some say that the political dimension of Hamlet is given little weight by Shakespeare himself, many directors have chosen to emphasise politics and constitution in their adaptations of the play. Claudius appears as the play's only real politician, concerned with managing the opinion of his subjects and council even as he views the throne as a source of ultimate authority.
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"Something is rotten in the state of Denmark", says Marcellus, a relatively insignificant character in Hamlet. But it is one of the most famous theatrical quotes of all time, speaking to the spiritual and political sickness in Denmark which becomes the play's centrepiece, and commencing a semanticConnected to the meaning of words. field of sickness, rot and festering decay. In Act One Scene Five, for example, the ghost's description of his body's slow death by "the leprous distilment" (poison) stands in for the poisoning of the body politic by the corruption of its leaders.
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Some critics suggest that Hamlet is about shifting styles of leadership. The late King Hamlet is representative of a feudal style, as an expansionist "conquering hero" who has killed the former King of Norway, King Fortinbras, and reclaimed a portion of land from the neighbouring realm. Norway's new crown prince Fortinbras, who serves as a foil for Hamlet, continues to agitate throughout the play, threatening invasion. Claudius, on the other hand, has a more modern, diplomatic approach, trying to resolve the conflict through communication. In some of the play's final lines, characters suggest that Hamlet would have made a good leader, but the audience has cause to doubt this generous assessment of the broody, taciturnUntalkative. protagonist.
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The appearance of the ghost, which cannot be put to rest until it is avenged, can be taken as a sign of Denmark's prevailing spiritual sickness. But as for its role, critics have long felt divided. Some exalt the ghost's honourable mission of redeeming his country and family line, whilst others point out his moral duplicity in demanding that Hamlet exact revenge through murder, whilst describing his own murder as "foul and unnatural". The presence of ghosts in Elizabethan theatre was by no means unconventional - they appear in other Shakespeare plays such as Julius Caesar and Richard III - but Hamlet's ghost is distinct among Shakespeare's work.
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Keywords
Feigns - Fakes or pretends.
Existentialism - A form of philosophy which explores the meaning of human existence.
Succumb - Fail to resist a negative force, or die from an illness or injury.
Semantic - Connected to the meaning of words.
Taciturn - Untalkative.
Hamlet
Glossary
Feigns - Fakes or pretends.
Existentialism - A form of philosophy which explores the meaning of human existence.
Succumb - Fail to resist a negative force, or die from an illness or injury.
Semantic - Connected to the meaning of words.
Taciturn - Untalkative.