Can antisemitism ever be defeated? The crisis in Israel and Palestine is causing a wave of racist incidents across the western world. Some fear things will never change.
Security increased in synagogues worldwide
Guarded gravitas: Jewish communities turn to high-tech alert systems for protection. Glossary
Antisemitic - Hostile to or prejudiced against Jewish people.
Hamas - A militant Palestinian organisation, which has controlled the Gaza Strip since 2007. It is listed as a terrorist organisation in the UK.
Kosher - In Hebrew, kosher means "proper". It refers to food that follows Jewish dietary rules.
Elon Musk - A South African-born entrepreneur whose companies have included the online payment service PayPal. He now controls Twitter, renamed 'X'.
Synagogues - Jewish places of worship.
Jerusalem - An ancient city that is considered holy to Jews, Christians and Muslims alike.
Middle Ages - The Middle Ages was the period in European history that came between ancient and modern times. It lasted from about 500 to about 1500.
Crusade - A type of aggressive campaign. Between the 11th and 13th Centuries, the Crusades were a series of religious wars.
Holocaust - The murder of six million Jewish people in Europe by Nazi Germany. Members of other minority groups were also killed.
Trope - A recurring theme, especially in fiction. Damsels in distress, for instance, are a common trope in fairy tales and old-fashioned romances.
Neo-Nazis - People belonging to a political organisation whose beliefs are inspired by or reminiscent of Nazism.
UN - United Nations. An intergovernmental organisation based in New York that aims to maintain international peace and security.