In mid-1980s' Massachusetts, a group of conservative religious extremists has seized power to form Gilead, a repressivePreventing personal freedom. state in which women cannot vote, divorce is illegal and gay people are executed. The dystopianRelating to an imagined society where there is great suffering or injustice. novel follows Offred (a Handmaid) as she is forced to adapt to life under this harsh regime. One of Margaret Atwood's best-known works, The Handmaid's Tale imagines a world in which citizens are stripped of their fundamental rights, and the very nature of freedom is questioned.
The Handmaid’s Tale
In mid-1980s' Massachusetts, a group of conservative religious extremists has seized power to form Gilead, a repressivePreventing personal freedom. state in which women cannot vote, divorce is illegal and gay people are executed. The dystopianRelating to an imagined society where there is great suffering or injustice. novel follows Offred (a Handmaid) as she is forced to adapt to life under this harsh regime. One of Margaret Atwood's best-known works, The Handmaid's Tale imagines a world in which citizens are stripped of their fundamental rights, and the very nature of freedom is questioned.
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A dystopia depicts a society which is characterised by a repressive government ruling with an iron fist, environmental catastrophe, censorship, the loss of individuality and general social decline. The Handmaid's Tale is set in a future dystopian New EnglandA region of the northeast USA including the states of Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island and Connecticut. Some of the first European settlers in the region were people from England. , where environmental pollution and radiation have caused a rapid decline in reproductive capacity, and a coup has led to political collapse.
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Gilead is a religious patriarchyA system of society where men hold power and women are excluded. , where only men are allowed to participate in political, social and economic life, and women are used for domestic tasks, childbearing and satisfying their husbands. But patriarchy does not benefit the men in society either, many of whom are not entitled to a relationship and are used for brute labour: even the rich and powerful, like the Commander, lack emotional connection and have to bend the rules for amusement - despite his claim that "Better never means better for everyone. It always means worse, for some."
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The main act of resistance in The Handmaid's Tale is in storytelling. In articulating her narrative in a regime that demands total silence, Offred is taking the most meaningful stand against the authority of Gilead that is possible for her - even though she has no way of knowing if her story will ever escape the regime. For Offred, resistance also lies in exploiting patriarchy: in sexualising herself in order to feel that she has some power over the men around her. She deliberately walks from the guards "swaying her hips" to tempt their desire, although she knows that this power will not aid her materially, and feels empowered by her relationships with Nick and the Commander, although she still has the lower hand in both.
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The computer that leaves humans in the dust
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Control of language is one of the most powerful tools in Gilead. Terms are stolen from the Bible and distorted for the sake of oppression; women are refused access to their own names and are named after their household's respective patriarch; characters are forbidden from talking outside of a few banalBoring and unimportant. phrases to be exchanged every day. Every single word of speech that is not dictated or controlled by the state is an act of resistance. This is what makes the taboo phrase "nolite te bastardes carborundorum" so powerful for Offred.
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In The Handmaid's Tale, Christian extremists overthrow the government and establish a fundamentalistBelieving in the strict, literal interpretation of a religious text. theocracyA government run by religious leaders, usually according to religious law. based on Biblical principles. The reality is that none of the rules in this totalitarianWhen a political system or leader requires complete subservience to the state. In a totalitarian system, people are not allowed to express their own opinions. nightmare are real Christian values, but Atwood highlights how easily religion can be used to justify repression and patriarchy. In theocracy, state and religion become so intertwined that they are impossible to separate: in the text, the Salvagings, for example, are posed as punishments for Biblical sins, but it is clear that they are being used as a tool for political suppression.
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Is giving things up a good idea? The start of Lent is when Christians traditionally deprive themselves of something they enjoy. But the practice is common to other religions too.
Keywords
Repressive - Preventing personal freedom.
Dystopian - Relating to an imagined society where there is great suffering or injustice.
New England - A region of the northeast USA including the states of Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island and Connecticut. Some of the first European settlers in the region were people from England.
Patriarchy - A system of society where men hold power and women are excluded.
Banal - Boring and unimportant.
Fundamentalist - Believing in the strict, literal interpretation of a religious text.
Theocracy - A government run by religious leaders, usually according to religious law.
Totalitarian - When a political system or leader requires complete subservience to the state. In a totalitarian system, people are not allowed to express their own opinions.
The Handmaid’s Tale
Glossary
Repressive - Preventing personal freedom.
Dystopian - Relating to an imagined society where there is great suffering or injustice.
New England - A region of the northeast USA including the states of Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island and Connecticut. Some of the first European settlers in the region were people from England.
Patriarchy - A system of society where men hold power and women are excluded.
Banal - Boring and unimportant.
Fundamentalist - Believing in the strict, literal interpretation of a religious text.
Theocracy - A government run by religious leaders, usually according to religious law.
Totalitarian - When a political system or leader requires complete subservience to the state. In a totalitarian system, people are not allowed to express their own opinions.