Romeo and Juliet is quite possibly the most famous play of all time. Its tale of two innocent, star-crossed lovers sacrificed for the vices of their parents is unlikely to ever lose its relevance. Its themes, after all, are universal: first love torn apart by bitter hate, warring communities and tragic loss. Based on an old Italian tale The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet from 1562, Shakespeare's tribute transformed the source material into an ageless symbol. It has inspired innumerableToo many to be counted. modernised retellings, many of which transplant the tale into contemporary conflicts — including one 1994 production which depicted Juliet as Israeli and Romeo as Palestinian, and another which staged the play in apartheidA system of legally-enshrined racial discrimination and oppression which existed in South Africa from 1948 until the 1990s. It denied non-white South Africans basic human rights.-era South Africa. But it is memorable not only for its devastatingly-rendered tale of love defeated: its comic elements, colourful personalities and beautiful poetic form are just some of the other elements that make this play compulsively and universally renowned.
Romeo and Juliet
Romeo and Juliet is quite possibly the most famous play of all time. Its tale of two innocent, star-crossed lovers sacrificed for the vices of their parents is unlikely to ever lose its relevance. Its themes, after all, are universal: first love torn apart by bitter hate, warring communities and tragic loss. Based on an old Italian tale The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet from 1562, Shakespeare's tribute transformed the source material into an ageless symbol. It has inspired innumerableToo many to be counted. modernised retellings, many of which transplant the tale into contemporary conflicts - including one 1994 production which depicted Juliet as Israeli and Romeo as Palestinian, and another which staged the play in apartheidA system of legally-enshrined racial discrimination and oppression which existed in South Africa from 1948 until the 1990s. It denied non-white South Africans basic human rights.-era South Africa. But it is memorable not only for its devastatingly-rendered tale of love defeated: its comic elements, colourful personalities and beautiful poetic form are just some of the other elements that make this play compulsively and universally renowned.
Phone that predicts crimes before they happen
In the play's 14-line prologueA part that comes at the beginning of a play or story, often giving information about the events leading up to the start. , Shakespeare highlights the role of fate in Romeo and Juliet, describing the lovers as "star-cross'd", a phrase describing a pair of lovers who will be doomed to separation by the stars (fate). Later, Romeo describes himself as "fortune's fool". However, critics are divided on whether or not their demise is truly fated. For some, Juliet's very first realisation that Romeo is a Montague ("Deny thy father and refuse thy name; Or if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, And I'll no longer be a Capulet") shows that their love has no chance of overcoming the shackles of their identities. For others, the lovers' deaths were caused by their own impulsiveness: their decision to marry after less than one day of acquaintance, their recklessly suicidal passion for one another, Romeo's murderous thirst for revenge and foolish miscommunications. For the latter school of critics, the dual sacrifice of Romeo and Juliet was caused purely by free will and poor choices, rather than by a predetermined tragedy written in the stars.
Can free will exist if the future is known in advance? The world's most powerful spy software company is launching a tool that can use phones to alert police of future crimes.
Is too much choice stressful? Most people want to be free to do whatever they like, but some philosophers argue that this is impossible and would be a recipe for unhappiness.
Should computers make all our decisions? In a new book, three top scientists argue that human beings are useless at making choices. Machines would do a much better job.
Romeo and Juliet's love is an exact counterpart to the hate that surrounds them. Where Romeo compares Juliet to a jewel in the night, to a torch, and to an angel shining among dark clouds and Juliet calls Romeo a "day in night", it is relevant that they are both describing each other as sources of light embedded in darkness. Many read their allusions to the ever-encroaching darkness around them as hints that they are subconsciously aware of the chance that their love may be jeopardisedPut in danger. by the hateful conflicts between their families, or that they doubt that love can truly prevail over hate.
But is bigotry about to get worse? For many, an anti-Semitic rant by one of the world's biggest celebrities is just a foretaste of a new wave of hatred and discrimination.
Should misogyny be a hate crime? Amid the furore around Andrew Tate, many are wondering why women are being left out of the conversation. Some say the solution should be found in the legal system.
Was this a #MeToo backlash? One writer condemned the trial as "an orgy of misogyny". Many are wondering what the tide of hatred for Amber Heard says about us.
The conflict between the Montagues and Capulets has been raging eternally, and draws in a number of unwilling third parties: not just the two sacrificial lovers, but the reluctant citizens of Verona as well as their Prince. It is a senseless and bloody affair, which has led to much loss of life. However, a convention of Shakespeare's tragedies is that conflict is not just external, but internal too. In Romeo and Juliet, internal conflict takes place both within the family (as between Juliet and her mother), and in the self.
Is it time for global disarmament? Ethiopia. Ukraine. Yemen. War and armed conflict wages throughout the world but many argue that the money would be better spent on improving the world.
Thomas the Tank Engine sparks free will spat
Could nuclear terrorism start World War Three? British border guards discovered radioactive uranium in a shipment of scrap metal. Some worry that it was intended to power a devastating device.
Should we prepare for nuclear catastrophe? It is luck, not good governance, that has prevented a nuclear war, says the UN chief. Now, some think it is time to make a backup plan.
Romeo and Juliet has become an eternal emblem of doomed love. However, the play explores a range of different romantic attachments, from familial love to romantic, erotic, superficial and destructive love. An example of infatuation is Romeo's unrequitedNot reciprocated. "love" for Rosaline, which he discusses at length using shallow platitudes and cliches. Mercutio mocks this infatuation, which is based heavily on the Petrarchan model of male submission to unattainable female beauty. Romeo and Juliet's love contrasts heavily with this first model, in that it is balanced, equal and reciprocal: an exact opposite to the constant tug-of-war between their families. Neither Romeo nor Juliet is subservient to the other. This sense of mutuality is emphasised by their balanced, 'doubled' language: "One hath wounded me/That's by me wounded" and "As mine on hers, so hers is set on mine" are examples of this. That being said, some critics have pointed out that the quick escalation of their love affair and their shared impulsiveness means this love might not have been quite so enduringLasting. as we like to think.
Can fish teach us about relationships? They could not be more different from humans. But one writer says life lessons from the humble rainbow trout saved her romance.
Is maternal love what makes us unique? The amazing story of Qafzeh, aged 13, who lived 100,000 years ago, raises profound questions about the origins and power of human devotion.
Have we forgotten how to have relationships? A top writer says that Tinder and Hinge have caused an epidemic of anxiety and insecurity. But others say they do more good than harm.
Although Romeo and Juliet are bound to honour their families in eschewingDeliberately avoiding or giving up something. each other, neither of them even knows why the two noble houses of Montague and Capulet are embroiledInvolved in a difficult or complicated situation. in such a vicious feudA bitter, long-term argument or disagreement. . Their decision to marry is interpreted as a betrayal, but few nowadays would reproach them for pursuing the directions of their hearts rather than an age-old and meaningless conflict based on family pride. Many of Shakespeare's plays touch on similar themes of the importance of choosing love over family tradition, including Othello and King Lear.
Is fraternal bad blood the key to history? Harry's new book sheds light on his turbulent relationship with Prince William. Experts say our past was shaped by brotherly rivalry.
Is it possible to be happy and successful? Elon Musk is one of the richest people in history, an amazing entrepreneur and a dazzling thinker. But he struggles with relationships.
Should parental responsibility end at 18? Judges all over the world are forcing young people to leave their parent's homes. Now some argue it is time to redefine our notion of adulthood.
Keywords
Innumerable - Too many to be counted.
Apartheid - A system of legally-enshrined racial discrimination and oppression which existed in South Africa from 1948 until the 1990s. It denied non-white South Africans basic human rights.
Prologue - A part that comes at the beginning of a play or story, often giving information about the events leading up to the start.
Jeopardised - Put in danger.
Unrequited - Not reciprocated.
Enduring - Lasting.
Eschewing - Deliberately avoiding or giving up something.
Embroiled - Involved in a difficult or complicated situation.
Feud - A bitter, long-term argument or disagreement.
Romeo and Juliet
Glossary
Innumerable - Too many to be counted.
Apartheid - A system of legally-enshrined racial discrimination and oppression which existed in South Africa from 1948 until the 1990s. It denied non-white South Africans basic human rights.
Prologue - A part that comes at the beginning of a play or story, often giving information about the events leading up to the start.
Jeopardised - Put in danger.
Unrequited - Not reciprocated.
Enduring - Lasting.
Eschewing - Deliberately avoiding or giving up something.
Embroiled - Involved in a difficult or complicated situation.
Feud - A bitter, long-term argument or disagreement.