Mrs Dalloway is a text both incredibly ambitious and incredibly contained. It details just one mid-June day in the life of the society lady Clarissa Dalloway, who is preparing a party which will be hosted in the evening. Yet it contains a whole host of revelations, following more than twenty characters throughout the novel whilst seamlessly alternating between different modes of narration and periods of time. In some ways, time, and missed opportunities, are the text’s main preoccupation. Clarissa meditates on unarticulatedUnspoken. love, alluding to a spurned former suitor and a failed SapphicRelating to sexual attraction between two women. Linked to Sappho, the 7th Century BC Greek poet who wrote about her attraction to women. love affair, as she listens to the hauntingly perpetualNever ending. chimes of Big Ben. Existential questions are writ large over this book, even as it claims to follow the prosaicWithout interest or excitement. Unromantic and unimaginative. aspects of life, and the Great War casts a long shadow.
Mrs Dalloway
Mrs Dalloway is a text both incredibly ambitious and incredibly contained. It details just one mid-June day in the life of the society lady Clarissa Dalloway, who is preparing a party which will be hosted in the evening. Yet it contains a whole host of revelations, following more than twenty characters throughout the novel whilst seamlessly alternating between different modes of narration and periods of time. In some ways, time, and missed opportunities, are the text's main preoccupation. Clarissa meditates on unarticulatedUnspoken. love, alluding to a spurned former suitor and a failed SapphicRelating to sexual attraction between two women. Linked to Sappho, the 7th Century BC Greek poet who wrote about her attraction to women. love affair, as she listens to the hauntingly perpetualNever ending. chimes of Big Ben. Existential questions are writ large over this book, even as it claims to follow the prosaicWithout interest or excitement. Unromantic and unimaginative. aspects of life, and the Great War casts a long shadow.
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The span of the novel is a less-than twenty-four hour period, beginning early in the morning and ending during the party at night. Yet, using the device of Clarissa's memory, the real timeline of the novel is mapped over decades. Her reflections, which dart relentlessly from her youth to the present day, are offset against the real-time chiming of Big Ben, which strikes every half hour and grounds her in the real moment. Behind this focus on the passage of time is a lurking fear of death and mortality that Woolf shared with her narrator, which is only exacerbatedMade worse. by Clarissa's nostalgia for old love affairs and curious investigations into what could have been. Woolf originally planned on naming this book The Hours, underlining the central role played by time.
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Although the concerns of Mrs Dalloway are broadly existential, the complex social dynamics of post-war English society are also writ large over the text. Clarissa's preoccupation with hosting a party in the post-war period highlights the gulf between the upper-class and aristocratic characters, who live largely as if nothing has happened, and those less fortunate, who suffered from complex military trauma or from the unstable economic aftermath of war. The pettiness of her pursuits is highlighted when she snubs her poor cousin Elsie from the gathering, whilst inviting obnoxious but rich characters like the pompousSelf-important and overly serious. and unlikeable Hugh Whitbread. Although war was perceived as a social equaliser, Woolf makes it clear that the degrees of separation between normal people and high society are as numerous as ever.
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Many of the thoughts of Clarissa, Peter and Septimus seem uncommunicable, able only to be expressed in the stream-of-consciousness narration that we read. Characters hide complex fears, taboo desires and vivid fantasies behind their social image, and such things remain private and unspoken. However, it is significant that the novel centres around a gathering, a space where people should come together to communicate and share thoughts and ideas, and a generous reader might construe it as Clarissa's attempt to bring a fractured and silenced society back together.
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Clarissa is married to Richard Dalloway, a government worker who is impersonal, timid, and rather spineless. Their marriage is distant and pragmaticDealing with things sensibly and realistically, in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations. , but passionless. Clarissa reflects on what led her to decide to marry Richard over Peter Walsh, a romantic and broody friend who proposed to her. However, it is hard to believe that she would have been much happier with Walsh, who appears to enter into attachments haphazardly and without sincerity. Part of her dissatisfaction with her marriage may stem from a latent queer identity: Clarissa still considers a kiss she shared with her childhood best friend Sally as the happiest moment of her life, and claims to feel about Sally "as men feel".
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Whilst Clarissa's joie de vivre is hard to read in the context of post-war society, it works in counterpoint to Septimus, a traumatised war hero suffering from severe mental health problems. Woolf called Septimus the "double" of Mrs Dalloway, who was her original target for a suicide attempt at the end of the book. Woolf is critical of the poor treatment that Septimus receives in a society desperate to forget about the trauma of war: he is dismissed by medical professionals and allowed to suffer in silence before he ends his own life. His death further sharpens our sense of the massive social discrepanciesUnexpected or unexplained differences. in London post-war: whilst we, as readers, are permitted to enter Septimus' disturbing and torturous inner life as a veteran, at Clarissa's party his death becomes the subject of idle gossip, with nobody appreciating the tragedy of the act or attempting to understand why it happened.
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Keywords
Unarticulated - Unspoken.
Sapphic - Relating to sexual attraction between two women. Linked to Sappho, the 7th Century BC Greek poet who wrote about her attraction to women.
Perpetual - Never ending.
Prosaic - Without interest or excitement. Unromantic and unimaginative.
Exacerbated - Made worse.
Pompous - Self-important and overly serious.
Pragmatic - Dealing with things sensibly and realistically, in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations.
Discrepancies - Unexpected or unexplained differences.
Mrs Dalloway
Glossary
Unarticulated - Unspoken.
Sapphic - Relating to sexual attraction between two women. Linked to Sappho, the 7th Century BC Greek poet who wrote about her attraction to women.
Perpetual - Never ending.
Prosaic - Without interest or excitement. Unromantic and unimaginative.
Exacerbated - Made worse.
Pompous - Self-important and overly serious.
Pragmatic - Dealing with things sensibly and realistically, in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations.
Discrepancies - Unexpected or unexplained differences.