Dennis Kelly’s DNA, first staged in 2007, asks if cruelty and violence are inevitably how we make ourselves into groups. The play takes place in an unspecified location, where a gang of teenagers has to deal with the fallout from bullying an outsider to death. Adam, who wants to be part of the gang, has fallen fatally during a horrific initiation ritual. To get themselves out of trouble, the gang, guided by the normally taciturnUntalkative. Phil, frames an innocent man. This crime binds the group together and unites the wider community in mourning. But soon, cracks start to show. Members of the gang struggle with the guilt, and. When Adam reappears, Phil decides they have to have him killed again. The gang splits, and Leah, who voices the play’s sense that things might not have to be this way, leaves. Kelly says that when he wrote it, he was thinking about the War on Terror, which was often discussed as a “clash of civilisations” between “the West” and “Islam”. Questions of how far we ought to go to protect a group resonate in the dilemmasProblems or difficult situations, especially ones in which a choice must be made. faced by the gang. “What’s more important, one person or everyone?”, Phil asks, but by the time he does, it’s clear that violence is not enough to hold things together.
DNA
Dennis Kelly's DNA, first staged in 2007, asks if cruelty and violence are inevitably how we make ourselves into groups. The play takes place in an unspecified location, where a gang of teenagers has to deal with the fallout from bullying an outsider to death. Adam, who wants to be part of the gang, has fallen fatally during a horrific initiation ritual. To get themselves out of trouble, the gang, guided by the normally taciturnUntalkative. Phil, frames an innocent man. This crime binds the group together and unites the wider community in mourning. But soon, cracks start to show. Members of the gang struggle with the guilt, and. When Adam reappears, Phil decides they have to have him killed again. The gang splits, and Leah, who voices the play's sense that things might not have to be this way, leaves. Kelly says that when he wrote it, he was thinking about the War on Terror, which was often discussed as a "clash of civilisations" between "the West" and "Islam". Questions of how far we ought to go to protect a group resonate in the dilemmasProblems or difficult situations, especially ones in which a choice must be made. faced by the gang. "What's more important, one person or everyone?", Phil asks, but by the time he does, it's clear that violence is not enough to hold things together.
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DNA's cast are all in a "gang" of sorts. But it is not a street gang that commits crimes for money. In a way, the gang is a stand-in for all kinds of group identity. At one point, Leah, Phil's girlfriend, delivers a monologue where she compares humans to their nearest relatives, chimpanzees and bonobos. Chimps are "evil", and protect their territory against outsiders. Bonobos are friendly. "The woman was saying that if we'd discovered bonobos before chimps our understanding of ourselves would be very different," Leah says. We see her wishing for another possibility, another way of making our identity. It becomes clear that distinctions between an in-group and an out-group create violence even as they offer protections from it.
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The title, DNA, draws our attention to the inevitable. We often say that a trait or ability is "in someone's DNADeoxyribonucleic acid is the material in an organism that carries genetic information." - we mean that it was inevitable from the moment they were born. At one point, Leah experiences deja vuA sense that something you have not seen before is somehow familiar. It is a French phrase meaning "already seen" or "seen before"., and seems to think that everything has already happened. The structure of the play, which moves through four repetitive scenes of waiting, ending in a decision, reinforces that impression. The repetition literally comes true when Adam is found alive, and Phil orders Brian and Cathy, two other gang members to kill him. Because they thought they had killed him, the gang now feels they have no choice. At every turn, they think they are doing what has to be done. In this way, they are acting as if their DNA is like those "evil" chimps, as if they had no other choice. In the history of drama, tragedy is often about the irony of fate - Oedipus , one of the first heroes of ancient Greek Tragedy, is sent away to avoid a prophecy that he will kill his father, and this is what ends up leading him to kill him. In DNA, the tragedy is that fate is made unavoidable by believing in it.
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Throughout DNA, characters suggest that the world is partly made by us, as we perceive it. At the beginning, when Adam has died, characters refuse to use the word death. John Tate, the leader of the gang until Phil steps in, asks "are things really that bad?". He says that the word "death" is banned. When Phil orders the murder of Adam, he calls it an experiment and a game, and says that it is fun. The gang itself is a kind of identity created by imagining and pretending that they are all in it together. A few years before the play came out, there were public rows about lies in the lead up to the invasion of IraqA country in the Middle East with a population of 43.5m. in 2003. The group's dependence on fiction might echo the political moment it comes from. Karl Rove, one of the architects of the war on terror and the US-led invasion of Iraq, famously said that the government can create its own reality, and Kelly may be making a nod to this. It is a theme that continues to resonate in our own era, when experts often talk about post-truth politics.
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After Adam's fall, no one in the gang wants to take responsibility for their actions. The whole plot is driven by their attempts to pass it onto other people. This denial of the reality of their responsibility affects them all differently. Some express guilt, some go mad, and some leave. John Tate becomes a devoutEarnestly religious. Christian. Adam, the first man in the Bible, famously "fell" out of paradise, when he acquired the knowledge of good and evil by eating the apple. When Leah eats the sweet that Phil offers, and then leaves, she echoes this eating of the apple. She accepts the knowledge that what the gang has done is evil.
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The characters repeatedly look to their leaders to avoid responsibility. Phil, who seems not to speak much, only finally speaks up when it seems to him that a new leader is needed. "I'm in charge. Everyone is happier," Phil says, but it is clear that the pressures of power corrupt. Leadership is exercised through violence and threats. What allows Phil to become leader is his willingness to harm innocent people. When Cathy becomes leader at the end, the gang gets crueller and crueller. The play's picture of humans craving a strong leader is a bleak one, but it also suggests we could take other paths. We do not have to follow leaders, and can take responsibility for our own actions.
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Keywords
Taciturn - Untalkative.
Dilemmas - Problems or difficult situations, especially ones in which a choice must be made.
DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid is the material in an organism that carries genetic information.
Deja vu - A sense that something you have not seen before is somehow familiar. It is a French phrase meaning "already seen" or "seen before".
Iraq - A country in the Middle East with a population of 43.5m.
Devout - Earnestly religious.
DNA
Glossary
Taciturn - Untalkative.
Dilemmas - Problems or difficult situations, especially ones in which a choice must be made.
DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid is the material in an organism that carries genetic information.
Déjà vu - A sense that something you have not seen before is somehow familiar. It is a French phrase meaning “already seen” or “seen before”.
Iraq - A country in the Middle East with a population of 43.5m.
Devout - Earnestly religious.