Does what you are called shape your future? It is the very first fact you tell people, in a world where first impressions count. But can your name really determine who you are?
I, Hunter: why a name can change your life
Does what you are called shape your future? It is the very first fact you tell people, in a world where first impressions count. But can your name really determine who you are?
"Hunter?" "Oscar?" "Delilah?"
These names will be a lot more common in classrooms of the future.
The 2022 baby name rankings are out. Muhammad and Lily, perhaps inspired by royal baby Lilibet Diana, have taken the top spots. Less traditional names are on the rise. Zion, Grayson, Oakley and Junior all made the top 100 for British boys. Today, in England and Wales, there are at least 16 children named Peach and another 74 called Kale.
Picking a name is a big decision for parents.
To add to the pressure, studies suggest a person's name can determine everything from their career and personality to how likely they are to donate money to disaster victims.
It all starts at school. In 2001, economist David Figlio found that a child's name influences how teachers treat them. In turn, the different treatment is reflected in the pupil's achievements.
Other studies found that students with unusual names are more likely to drop out of college and show symptoms of neurosis. People with "unfashionable" names even experience more rejection on dating apps.
Yet it is not all bad for those with rare monikers. Unusual names are also associated with higher levels of creativity and open-mindedness. A person whose name is uncommon has higher odds of having a more unusual career, such as a judge or film director.
And, according to the implicit-egotism effect, we like things that resemble ourselves. Therefore, we are more likely to take jobs or live in towns that remind us of our own names.
It sounds extraordinary. But one study in the US found that people named Denis and Denise are more likely to become dentists and men called George and Geoffrey are "disproportionately likely to be published in the geosciences".
Your name may even influence your physical appearance. Researchers in Jerusalem discovered that both humans and computers perform better than expected when matching strangers' faces with their names.
"Our given name is our very first social tagging," they wrote. "Each name has associated characteristics, behaviours and a look." Over time, shared social expectations influence a person's expressions to create a "face-type" for certain names.
Human cultures have always been fascinated by the power of names. When the Greek hero Odysseus is captured by a giant, he is able to evade harm as long as he keeps his name secret. In the fairy tale Rumpelstiltskin, a girl can only rid herself of her supernatural tormentor when she discovers his name.
The author Arthur Conan Doyle pondered for weeks about the name of mysterious detective Sherlock Holmes - nearly named Sherrington Hope - and level-headed doctor John Watson.
But more than any other writer, Charles Dickens knew the importance of names for capturing the essence of a character. He created Ebenezer Scrooge, the wizened old miserSomebody who saves as much as possible and spends as little as they can. , and Mr Gradgrind, a strict educator concerned only with hard facts.
Does what you are called shape your future?
Yes: The differences may at first seem subtle, but names help forge who we are in a million tiny ways. They influence the teacher meeting us on our first day of school and the employer reading our CV.
No: Much of the science behind nominative determinism is shaky at best. The influence would be so tiny as to be unnoticeable. There are a huge number of factors that shape our destinies.
Or... It is not that our names change our lives, but rather that our names reflect other factors like class and race that limit the opportunities available to us. We should work to change this reality.
Keywords
Miser - Somebody who saves as much as possible and spends as little as they can.
I, Hunter: why a name can change your life
Glossary
Miser - Somebody who saves as much as possible and spends as little as they can.